Yet, the mechanisms that control the episodic behavior, keep the fluid pathways intact, and sustain the observed high heat fluxes of up to 1800 MW9 remain poorly understood. It has formed through distinct phases of high-temperature fluid discharge lasting 10s to 100s of years throughout at least the last 50,000 years8 and is one of the largest sulfide accumulations on the MAR. The TAG hydrothermal mound at 26°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a typical example located on the hanging wall of a detachment fault5-7. Submarine massive sulfide deposits on slow-spreading ridges are larger and longer-lived than deposits at fast-spreading ridges1,2, likely due to more pronounced tectonic faulting creating stable preferential fluid pathways3,4.
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